Log entry pias 14hb feb 2024
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Tahniah diucapkan kepada pasukan penyelidik Community Architecture Research Team (CART) UPM yang diketuai oleh Dr Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed, yang telah menyaksikan perjanjian perlesenan harta intelek UPM, Teratak Semai, kepada Syarikat pemula, CART Atelier Sdn Bhd. Pasukan ini telah diberi peluang oleh Putra Science Park, untuk menyertai program pengkomersialan UPM, Innohub. CART sebagai kumpulan pengembangan jabatan Senibina, telah bekerjasama dengan masyarakat orang asli dan sejak 2014 telah membina lebih 50 buah rumah untuk mereka yang memerlukan, dan sebuah balai komuniti. Semoga kumpulan ini dapat mengembangkan khidmat kepada masyarakat dengan lebih mantap dengan perlesenan ini.
MAJLIS PERJANJIAN PERLESENAN DI ANTARA UPM & CART ATELIER SDN BHD 19 Februari 2024, telah diadakan Majlis Penandatanganan dan pertukaran dokumen perjanjian di antara UPM dan Cart Atelier Sdn. Bhd. Dokumen tersebut telah ditandatangani oleh AR Meor Mohammad Fared Meor Razali, CEO Cart Atelier Sdn. Bhd. Turut menyempurnakan majlis dengan kehadiran Timbalan Pengarah Bahagian Promosi dan Pengkomersilan Inovasi YBrs. Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Nurhayati Wan Ab. Rahman, kumpulan penyelidik dari Fakulti Rekabentuk dan Senibina Dr. Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed dan Prof. Madya Dr. Mohamad Fakri Zaky Jaafar. Perjanjian ini adalah bagi pelesenan harta intelek Teratak Semai 2.0. Syabas dan Tahniah. Pada 21 Ogos 2023, pasukan kami telah mengadakan lawatan ke tapak di Sungai Sia, Raub, Pahang yang dikelilingi landskap indah, tenang dan menanti transformasi untuk dijadikan tarikan pelancong. Misi utama kami adalah membina tempat rekreasi baharu yang akan meningkatkan profil Sg Sia dalam dunia pelancongan. Tujuan lawatan ini diadakan adalah untuk mengenal pasti lokasi tapak dan merakam video dron. Dengan teknologi dron yang maju, kami dapat menjalankan analisis mendalam dalam konteks tapak. Harapan kami pada projek ini adalah untuk membuka potensi Sg Sia yang belum diterokai dan menawarkan pengalaman unik kepada pengunjung. Di Sg Sia, kami bertemu dengan En. Kahar atau lebih dikenali sebagai Tok Empat, ketua yang sangat dihormati di kawasan ini, dengan tulus menyambut pasukan kami dan membawa kami mengelilingi kawasan tapak. Semangatnya terhadap projek ini begitu menular, kerana beliau mengenali peluang untuk memperkenalkan lebih ramai orang kepada keindahan tak tertandingi Sungai Sia. Sungai Sia di Raub, Pahang, bersedia untuk menjadi destinasi wajib bagi pencinta alam, peminat pengembaraan, dan mereka yang mencari ketenangan dari kehidupan bandar. Dengan sokongan Tok Empat dan komuniti tempatan, resort kem perkhemahan yang akan datang ini berjanji untuk mencapai keseimbangan harmonis antara keselesaan moden dan keindahan semula jadi. Lebih dari sekadar memberikan perlindungan semula jadi yang luar biasa, projek ini juga bertujuan untuk memupuk semngat komuniti. Projek ini menggunakan kaedah mudah pasang (Ready-To-Assemble) dimana pengunjung juga dapat melibatkan diri dalam pemasangan projek dan tempat penginapan. Kami juga berharap projek in bukan sahaja memberikan pengalaman bermakna kepada pelancong, tetapi juga memberikan sumbangan kepada pembangunan lestari dan pemeliharaan landskap yang menakjubkan di kawasan ini. Sungai Sia bersedia untuk bersinar sebagai contoh yang cemerlang tentang bagaimana pelancongan bertanggungjawab boleh memberi manfaat kepada alam sekitar dan komuniti tempatan, mengukuhkan statusnya sebagai tarikan pelancongan utama di Pahang.
This is an abstract by A bachelor of Building Engineering student who participated in our Teratak Semai Project at Kampungg Batu 5 and Batu 17.Written by Bart Van Jole, a volunteer for our Teratak Semai program. A student of Avans Hogeschool, Tilburg, Netherlands . 2017. Extract from his acknowledgement of our Teratak Semai Projek, under Community Architecture Research Team Group, C.A.R.T. Below is an extract from his acknowledgement in his thesis.
ABSTRACT Indigenous people all over the world are living in poverty and threatened in their habitat. As well in Peninsular Malaysia, where housing for Orang Asli is still inadequate. In a Semai community in the forest in the state Perak several Semai people are having trouble to organize new housing for themselves due to many factors, such as lack of human and financial capital, but also different personal priorities. Teratak Semai Project (TSP) fulfils the housing needs, but the gap with long-term solutions still exists. TSP claims to use the method of self-help building, but in reality the involvement of the owner is minimal. The objective of the outcome of this research is to strengthen human capital through self-help housing to contribute to a sustainable livelihood. Sustainable livelihood is set up by the British Department For International Development (DFID) and “refers to a way of approaching development that incorporates all aspects of human livelihoods and the means whereby people obtain them” (Kamil, Nasir, & Rashid, 2011, p. 1). This thesis presents recommendations for the Teratak Semai Project (TSP) – a non-governmental organisation (NGO) – to pursue this objective. This thesis answers the main research question: “What is the optimal self-help building strategy for TSP which contributes to sustainable livelihood for the Semai in Kampung Batu 17, Malaysia?“ Literature review and field research is conducted about participation, knowledge sharing and skills sharing in the context of sustainable livelihood. Literature review shows that the critical factors in constructing housing to obtain a sustainable livelihood are: legal status, education and income. From the field research in the village and the expert interview the conclusion can be made that the Semai people are overall knowledgeable of building and are willing to participate, both in constructing their own house and in another family’s house. In order for people to participate, their priory of job needs be taken in consideration. Downward accountability through cultural appropriate communication is essential to clarify expectations of all actors. Observations and questionnaires also pointed out that the usage of a step-by-step construction manual by a local, is clearly understood when a minimum level of high school education is present. An expert interview made clear that a manual should not be the end focus, but a tool which follows the vision that underlies the organization. The main recommendations that emerged from this research are: construction activities should take place outside of the busy fruit season; the amount of volunteers should be reduced to two or three people; a manual is advised to use in combination with personal guidance with basic building experience; already completed units or scale models could be used as an example; and avoid materials which are not found in the architecture of the village. The whole document can be downloaded here Oleh Zaky Jaafar (Artikel di ambil dari fikirbina/wixsite.com/gali dengan izin penulis) Menurut kelaziman, Arkitek akan merekabentuk sesebuah bangunan menurut kehendak dan dengan belanjawan yang ditentukan oleh klien. Jarang sekali kita dengar ada arkitek yang membina bangunan tanpa diminta oleh klien dan tiada duit yang tersedia. Namun itulah yang terjadi apabila sekumpulan pelajar tahun 4 Master Senibina UPM melaksanakan projek Dewan Komuniti di Pangsapuri Perumahan Awam Sri Sarawak, Pudu. Yang lebih menarik, Dewan Komuniti yang diubahsuai itu asalnya adalah sebuah rumah sampah yang tidak digunakan lagi. Pada tahun 2018, Nurain Yazid, Sia Mun Guan, Tan Mei Shan, Chan Pei Jin dan Yong Ii Yan , dibawah bimbingan Pensyarah Jabatan Senibina UPM, Prof Madya Dr Zaky Jaafar, telah diberi tugasan untuk mengenalpasti keperluan komuniti tersebut dan mencadangkan suatu intervensi yang dapat memenuhi keperluan mereka. Disinilah cabarannya, iaitu keperluan komuniti itu sebenarnya tidak disuarakan, bahkan mungkin tidak disedari oleh komuniti itu sendiri. Dengan kejasama NGO MyPJ mereka telah dapat menghubungi Persatuan penduduk, ThinkCity dan Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur untuk melaksanakan kajian ini di Pangsapuri Sri Sarawak. Mereka mengambil masa untuk mendekati, mengenali, berbicara dengan berbagai lapisan komuniti di situ. Idea ini muncul apabila dari kajian ini, mereka mendapati kemudahan sedia ada tidak begitu memenuhi keperluan harian untuk apa yang digelar ruang ketiga (third space) yang dapat memberi keselesaan untuk aktiviti santai harian untuk komuniti disini. Ruang ketiga bermaksud ruang sosial harian selain dari rumah dan tempat pekerjaan. Ini termasuklah kedai kopi, surau, rumah ibadat, atau apa sahaja ruang dimana komuniti dapat berinteraksi dan melakukan aktiviti bersama secara santai. Kawasan perumahan ini dihuni oleh berbagai kaum dan penganut, oleh itu suatu ruang dimana aktiviti kemasyarakatan dapat dilaksanakan dengan lebih terbuka dan disertai oleh berbagai lapisan komuniti setiap hari adalah sangat berharga. Mereka memikirkan bagaimana cara untuk menyediakan ruang ke tiga ini, sedangkan hampir semua ruang sedia ada telah ada fungsi masing2. Namun dari kajian fizikal, mereka menemui sebuah struktur usang yang tidak lagi digunakan. Ianya sebuah rumah sampah yang terletak di bahagian belakang tapak pangsapuri ini. Dibelakangnya terdapat sebuah gelanggang badminton yang agak tersorok dari Blok kediaman. Rumah sampah itu, selain menjadi tempat pembuangan sampah secara haram, ia juga menyebabkan gelanggang badminton itu menjadi tersorok dan tidak begitu sesuai untuk anak2 kecil bermain. Selain dari rumah sampah tersebut, bersebelahannya ialah sebuah struktur berbumbung yang menjadi stor barang yang agak tidak terurus. Akhirnya tercetuslah idea untuk menjadikan ke dua-dua struktur ini berguna dan menjadi penyelesaian masalah yang ditemui. Dalam proses rekabentuk, mereka mencadangkan rumah sampah itu dibuka dindingnya dan menjadi penghubung kepada gelanggang badminton di belakangnya. Bangunan setor pula dicadangkan diubahsuai menjadi dapur komuniti di mana aktiviti masak memasak dapat dilakukan. Setelah rekabentuk disiapkan, kumpulan pelajar ini membentangkan konsep rekabentuk kepada Persatuan Penduduk Pangsapuri Sri Sarawak, NGO MyPJ, ThinkCity dan DBKL Sendiri. Menyedari potensi cadangan kumpulan pelajar ini, ThinkCity telah bersetuju membiayai pembinaan struktur dan DBKL memberikan kelulusan yang diperlukan. Encik Jeffrey Phang, dari NGO MyPJ adalah antara individu yang banyak membantu di dalam merealisasikan projek ini. Hasilnya ialah sebuah bangunan yang terbuka, yang menghubungkan blok tersebut dengan ruang rekreasi di belakangnya. Struktur stor disebelahnya telah diubahsuai menjadi dapur komuniti yang selesa dan luas. Dinding antara kedua struktur ini juga dibuka, menjadikan aktiviti antara dapur dan dewan sangat mudah dijalankan. Dalam membuat pembentangan, teknik yang berkesan perlulah diketahui apabila memohon kerjasama terutamanya dalam meminta sumber kewangan untuk menjayakan projek. Pelajar telah diajar teknik pembentangan NABC didalam kursus ini. Ia adalah teknik yang dihasilkan oleh Stanford Research International, yang terbukti berkesan apabila seseorang ingin meminta dana dalam menjalankan suatu projek inovasi. NABC adalah singkatan dari perkataan Need (Keperluan), Approach (Penyelesaian), Benefit (Faedah) dan Competition (saingan). Keberkesanan teknik ini terbukti apabila mereka berjaya membantu projek ini meraih dana yang diperlukan dari ThinkCity, NGO yang banyak melaksanakan projek2 kemasyarakatan disekitar Kuala Lumpur. Sejak bangunan ini dibina pada tahun 2020, berbagai aktiviti komuniti telah dilaksanakan. Kenduri kendara, gotong royong, aktiviti sumbangan masyarakat. Pada bulan Mei 2021, oleh kerana konsep pengudaraannya yang baik, ia telah menjadi pusat saringan COVID19 percuma. Dari aktiviti2 yang dijalankan, jelas kelihatan semangat kejiranan dapat dipertingkatkan dengan adanya binaan kedua2 struktur ini. Bagi kumpulan pelajar ini, ia merupakan pengalaman berharga dalam pengajian mereka untuk menjadi seorang arkitek. Selain dari kemahiran melukis dan merekabentuk bangunan, mereka juga mendapat pengalaman mengenali dan menyantuni masyarakat, berinteraksi dengan NGO, mengumpul sumber dan yang paling penting merealisasikan suatu usaha murni yang bermanfaat untuk masyarakat.
This article first published on her personal. Rewritten here with permission from author
by Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed Part 1 (14 June 2010) I never would have thought I was able to do it. The task to transport the whole prototype is one thing, the arrangement to find people to participate building it together is another. What am I rambling about? It's to do with my unfinished research on self build housing in Malaysia. Sunday: 5.30am - Had to wake up the children to prepare them for an early trip up north. And had to prepare my son, Alif for his workshop in his school. It was a good morning. Everybody was doing what they are suppose to be doing early in the morning. The girls took their shower, got dressed, brought along their own bags full of toys and books, wore their shoes and waited for the car to be fiiled with other baggage. Exciting... But it was also sad since I couldn't take my son along. Only the girls are coming... and of course with the only maid I have to depend on. After sending Alif off, our trip to Penang began. I was feeling this butterflies in my tummy through out the journey. Just like before I had to give lectures or presenting some papers somewhere. I was also tired since I couldn't sleep last night thinking of what lies ahead of me. All the components were able to fit into this 16' length lorry... 11.00am - Reached Sg. Dua, Penang - the place where the prototype was made. Had to sleep even for half an hour. My supervisor reached the same destination by 12pm. We all had lunch at his father's place. Then after that all the components were loaded onto the rented lorry from across his kampung home. Another agonizing 2-hour journey before reaching Padang Terap. My butterflies are getting wilder... The briefing to the people is also this afternoon. All LCD projector and my old laptop set up in a hall next to the proposed site. Only 16 turned up. That's better than nothing... I sure wish someone would tell me that I did OK. I don't know, but my supervisor didn't comment on it. So I assume it was OK. The few that turned up for the briefing that afternoon. I was speaking in northern dialect!! Check into an inn by 6.30pm. It's late, everybody's hungry and tired. The room was medium size, we asked for 2 extra single mattresses on top of the readily available queen bed with a sunken mattress. I'm looking forward to a good sleep. But tomorrow's THE day. The 1st day we actually test our prototype with the people. My butterflies are at it again every time I think about it. Advertisement is important in this case. Part 2 (15 June 2010) Monday: 6.30am Today's the day! Today's the day that I'll know what people will think about the RTA house. Butterflies too many in my tummy. I feel I need to vomit. It's too overwhelming. I brought along our workers to the site to help organise the materials and tools. We reached Kampung Tanjung Luar around 7.30am. It was only a 10-minute drive at 60-70 km/hour. Too short! 7.30am No one's around yet. But as we drive into the JKK's house compound, the head of the village and his wife greeted us... with breakfast! But that was part of the deal - to prepare 3 meals a day for the next 4 days. While waiting for the participants to come, we had breakfast. Fried noodles and black coffee. Real black. My butterflies has started to calm down. I don't know why. I wish my supervisor is here. He had to go back to KL this morning - family matters. I wish my mother is here too. I wish my late father could have seen this too. Erection of main structures. 9.00am All 8 of them assembled and started to read the manual. I was busy with my camera and video camera back and forth recording the event. So busy that I didn't notice the sun is burning through my skin slowly. The main structures (columns, floor and roof beams), floor modules and roof trusses assembled within 1 hour and 15 minutes. WOW! Amazing... Before I forgot to mention, this team consisted of adults age ranging from 34 - 45 years old. They work in smaller groups. A group of 3 did the roof, the other 3 did the floor and the other 2 did the 'anjung'.The structures were up before 11am. All 11 panels of wall modules were installed by 11.25am. Another milestone to record for this group. It took them another hour to finish the roof panels to be installed... Unfortunately, during the installation there were discrepancies in the tagging of components against the numbering in the illustrated manual. Eventually we sorted out what went wrong. It was not easy... everybody's tired and want to finish up quickly. The team after the unit completed. THE day that I was so nervous about turned up to be just great. I managed to control the crowd, I managed to get them build it, I managed to get all the questionnaire answered by each of them, I managed to do all that... despite the butterflies. It was a good day - a damn good day! Nope a damn GREATTT day! 5.00pm I went back to my room greeted by the laughter of my darling daughters and feeling that I have done something right.It feels good but then I've just remembered, I have another 3 more days before the whole thing ends. Tuesday: 6.30am As usual, I'm up early, went out to bring the workers too. Had a light breakfast with the workers from our team and the JKK's family members and WAIT... waiting is an agony. Especially you do not know what to expect but you know what to do and even envision it many times how it should be done! So we waited... and waited... and waited until at aound 9.00am a few teenagers and youths came around. 9.15am Strategise before commencing work. I let them have their breakfast and at the same time gave a short briefing (how short is a short briefing can be) underneath that temporary tent-like food stall under a big old tree. The weather is still sunny.. I thank God for that... For this particular group, I noticed that most of the times, they do consult the illustrated manual that was given and even among each other. I supposed since there are many inexperience participants, they just had to. 2.00pm The final touch.. Surprise surprise... task completed! What another great day for me... I'm beginning to get the hang of this by now. The boys have been very cooperative and diligent in their task today. We had a late lunch but everyone was able to go back home EARLY. And as for me, I went back to the hotel, took a nice long shower, brought the girls out to the nearest town - that would be Kuala Nerang and bought them colouring books. What else can you buy there?! As long as the munchkins are occupied in the room, it's okay then... And so the 3rd and 4th day went by the same except that on the 3rd day, we had REPORTERS from Utusan covering our side of the story. I didn't expect them to come at all. But my supervisor has a bigger cable connection with the chief editor - they are neighbours! We got a 4 full-page coverage on a National newspaper. I wouldn't say one of the most leading newspaper but they did their job just fine. The objective was to educate the public of the possibilities of having such opportunities presented to them when it comes to housing provision. I met that objective the moment I received calls from people and even organisations that expressed their interests. So how do I complete my thesis on this? It's going to be difficult as I'll be busy again with routine schedule of being a MOMMY (1st), then a lecturer (2nd) sometimes responsibilities as a daughter (3rd)... I HAVE TO get there... Insya Allah... Sofea enjoying her lunch in the RTA cabin by Zaky Jaafar
Today I attended a talk by Dr Andry Widyowijatnoko of Institut Teknologi Bandung at PAM Centre, Jalan Tanduk. I was expecting the usual sentimental laden elaboration of bamboo system, of how ecological it is, so on so forth. Instead what was presented is a new approach to bamboo construction. One with sophisticated research on new way of bamboo construction. Namely utilising high tensile strength cable as a form of reinforcement at the joint. He talked about reciprocal and tensegrity structure. After the talk we were invited to see the work in progress of about 20 volunteers in Kebun Kebun Bangsar. They were in the middle of constructing 2 reciprocal structures. No scaffolding needed. Instead they raised gradually by segments, as those segments are completed. A very simple site work optimising materials needed to cover such an area. Jabatan Senibina telah mengorak langkah memulakan projek perintis Balai Desa Semai 1.0 dengan membina sebuah Dewan Komuniti di Kampung Sg. Lah, Chenderiang, Perak. Untuk projek ini pelajar, Alumni dan Staf Jabatan Senibina telah berkerjasama dengan kontraktor Al-Ambia Sdn. Bhd. (ASB) dan sumbangan kewangan sebanyak RM20,000 dari Kelab Rotary Petaling Jaya. Projek Balai Desa telah bermula dari September 2017 dan telah tamat pembinaan pada Januari 2018. Projek Teratak Semai merupakan projek kemasyarakatan untuk membina rumah Orang Asli di Tapah, Perak. Ia merupakan usahasama antara Pejabat ADUN Chenderiang, Tapah dan Universiti Putra Malaysia. Projek Balai Desa Semai adalah turutan dari projek TERATAK SEMAI. Sejak dari Januari 2015 sehingga April 2017, sebanyak 28 unit rumah telah dibina di Kampung Bt. 5, Kampung Bt. 16, Kampung Bt. 17 dan Kampung Bt. 14, Jalan Pahang, Tapah, Perak. Projek Teratak Semai juga telah menerima Anugerah Volunteer Malaysia Awards 2016 dari iM4U pada 9 Dis. 2016. Pihak iM4U juga telah menyumbang sebanyak RM10,600 untuk menampung perbelanjaan ‘homestay’, makan minum dan dokumentasi video projek Balai Desa Semai 1.0. OBJEKTIF Secara keseluruhan, objektif projek ini adalah seperti berikut: 1) Mendedahkan pelajar senibina dengan kaedah ’experiential learning’ melalui projek kemasyarakatan. 2) Menerapkan kepada pelajar senibina prinsip ’Berlimu Berbakti’. 3) Mengeratkan jaringan industri dengan Al Ambia Sdn Bhd, Kelab Rotary Kelana Jaya dan iM4U, serta jaringan kemasyarakatan dengan komuniti Orang Asli di Chenderiang, Perak. 4) Mendedahkan pelajar senibina kepada pembangunan dan pengurusan tapak secara langsung dalam skala yang kecil. Perkongsian ilmu dijalankan melalui konsep pembinaan secara bersama (self help approach) antara adiguru tukang kayu tradisional dan kontraktor kepada sukarelawan yang menyertai program tersebut. Melalui perlaksanaan pendekatan yang sama dengan Teratak Semai – iaitu ‘self-help approach’, ianya bukan sahaja dapat menghasilkan bangunan struktur dengan kos yang lebih ekonomi berbanding dengan kaedah konvensional, tetapi juga ianya dapat meningkatkan peluang pekerjaan bagi masyarakat setempat dalam mempromosi kemahiran pertukangan mereka melalui hasil anyaman dinding bertam. Selain itu, pemindahan ilmu dan juga perkongsian ilmu dapat dilakukan melalui pengalaman kerja di tapak. Pembinaan “self-build” dapat memberi otonomi kepada pemilik dalam mereka bentuk ruang dalaman mengikut kehendak masyarakat setempat. Tempat: Kampung Sg Lah, Chenderiang Unit Rumah: 1 Organisasi yang terlibat
Millions of people are affected by disaster every year all around the globe. The massive impact on economy and human is something to be considered (see figure 1). Taking preparation beforehand and aid recovery afterwards require knowledge on the hazard itself. Emergency plan and supply kit are part of the necessities in facing the unexpected disaster. By knowing in depth the specific types of disaster, victims could reduce the aftermath damage by equipping themselves with enough preparation and knowledge (Natural Disaster, n.d).
Disaster generally is an unforeseen or sudden events of which require assistance from national or international level due to the great damage, destruction and human suffering (CRED, n.d). It disrupt the human settlement in terms of material, economic or environment, and exceeds the resources that can be used to cope with it. Affected victims would usually suffer either one or a combination of impacts on human physical, mental and social well-being, impacts on property and assets, and impacts on economy and environment (Terminology, n.d). Disaster can be categorized into two groups; natural and man-made or technological. Natural disaster is defined as physical phenomena that occur naturally (Types of Disaster, n.d). Magnitude, onset, duration and area of extent characterize the natural disaster. Some cases may have a combination of two or more disaster such as earthquake that causes tsunami (Terminology, n.d). Man-made disaster is defined as events that occur closed to human settlement and human play the main role (Types of Disaster, n.d). Among the disaster includes accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures and human activities which are all part of the technological or industrial condition. Man-made disaster have a potential to give rise to natural disaster (Terminology, n.d). Among the hazards known are drought, earthquake, extreme heat, flood, hurricanes, landslide, severe weather, space weather, thunderstorm, tornadoes, tsunami, volcanoes, wildfires and winter storm (Natural Disaster, n.d). Table 1 below shows the classification of disaster in brief. SHELTERS TERMINOLOGY Shelters can be defined on several definition based on types of shelter. Terminologist often associate the terms with the timeline of post-disaster. Emergency shelter is defined as the immediate most basic lifesaving support for a shelter that is provided in the aftermath of a disaster (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 8). Based on [Title 24 Housing and Urban Development; Subtitle A Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development; Part 91 Consolidated Submissions for Community Planning and Development Programs; Subpart A General], it is defined as an overnight sleeping spaces within a facility aimed to provide temporary shelter for general or specific homeless population without agreements or need to sign lease. Temporary shelter or T-Shelter is defined as a rapid shelter solution for household. Due to the time quick need of the shelter, the construction is usually being limited, hence producing a shorter lifetime for this shelter (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 8). It also meant any dwelling or facility designed to provide temporary shelter for those without permanent housing or a fixed address (The state of Virginia, 2012) Transitional shelter is a facility that supports the affected family to find options for their recovery. It is a more durable shelter that uses material that can be re-used for a more permanent structure, and can be upgraded to a more permanent house. The material can be resold for the purpose of recovery or be recycled for housing construction. The materials can also be relocated from temporary sites to permanent locations (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 8, and International Organization for migration, 2012, p. 2). Both temporary shelter and transitional shelter are aimed for relocation and re-used. Progressive shelter is a permanent shelter with a plan for upgrade and design to a more permanent structure by including the possible transformation and alteration in the future (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 8). Core Shelters or one room shelters is a one or two rooms permanent dwelling and planned as part of housing with a possibility of extension based on resources and means (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 8). Progressive and core shelters is for permanent solutions, hence being built on permanent site. The types of shelters could overlap each other based on several factors such as political influences, resources, economy and society make-up. Using short terms like T-shelter for both Temporary shelters and transitional shelters would provide flexibility in a politically unacceptable definition. Transitional shelter that is usually located on temporary site would stick to this definition, while the shelter located on permanent site could be called progressive shelter. With enough resources and means, progressive shelter could be called core shelter if it is meant to be part of the permanent housing later on (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 9). Source of Image: (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 9) In designing a shelter, several factors must be taken into consideration. These includes safety, lifespan, size, comfort, privacy, liability of implementing organization, donor expectations, cost, timeliness, number to be built, materials availability, maintenance and upgrade, equity with host population, capacity to implement, cultural appropriateness and construction skills. Bear in mind that no same design could fit in all responses (Post-disaster Shelter, 2013, p. 13). |
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